在中国古籍中，关于车轴轴承的构造早有传闻。1279年，中国的郭守敬研制的天文简仪，其作用与现代推力滚子轴承相吻合。1772年，英国的C.瓦洛设计出制造球轴承，并试装在邮车上使用。1794年，英国的P.沃思取得球轴承的专利。

19世纪中叶，随着科技的发展，欧洲轴承材料、润滑剂和机械制造工艺方面取得长途的进步，开始有了比较完善的滑动轴承。1881年，德国的H.R.赫兹发表关于球轴承接触应力的论文，这也是首次发表的球轴承论文。在赫兹成就的基础上，德国的R.施特里贝克、瑞典的A.帕姆格伦等人又进行了大量的试验，对滚动轴承的发展、设计理论和疲劳寿命计算作出了巨大的贡献。1883年，俄国的N.P.彼得罗夫应用牛顿粘性定律计算出轴承摩擦率，同年英国的B.托尔在测定车辆轴承的摩擦系数时发现轴承中有油膜压力的存在，并测出油膜压力的分布曲线。1886年，英国的O.雷诺对托尔的发现进行了数学分析，导出了雷诺方程，从此奠定了流体动压润滑理论的基础。20世纪60年代后，弹性流体动压润滑理论逐渐成熟，按这一理论设计滚动轴承使轴承寿命大为之加强。

国内产业分布

国内轴承产业分布比较集中。2100433B

按轴承工作的摩擦性质不同可分为滑动摩擦轴承（简称滑动轴承）和滚动摩擦轴承（简称滚动轴承）两大类。轴承的种类繁多。按其所能承受的载负荷方向可分为：

①径向轴承，又称向心轴承，承受径向载荷。

②止推轴承，又称推力轴承，承受轴向载荷。

③径向止推轴承，又称向心推力轴承，同时承受径向载荷和轴向载荷。

按照轴承内部结构分为

1圆柱滚子轴承

2深沟球轴承

回转支承也叫回转支承轴承，回转驱动 ；

回转支承轴承又叫转盘轴承，有些人也称其为：旋转支承、回旋支承；

英文名字叫: slewing bearing 或 slewing ring bearing 又或 turntable bearing。

Qutline

1 Types and distribution features of reservoir sand bodies in the hydrocarbon-bearing basins of China

1.1 Types and distribution of reservoir sand bodies in hydrocarbon-bearing basins

1.2 011 producing states ofvarious sand bodies

1.3 Types and distribution of sand bodies in faulted basins and down-warped depressions

1.4 Basic sedimentary features and reserving capacities of various sand bodies

1.5 Classification of physical properties and reserving spatial features of reservoirs

2 Facies sequence and stage subdivision of burial diagenesis of clastic rocks in non-marine sedimentary basins

2.1 Diagenetic model and major features of fresh-water and brackish lacustrine clastic rocks

2.2 Diagenetic model and major features of reser-voir beds in salt-lake basins

2.3 Diagenetic model and major features of coal-bearing strata

2.4 Diagenetic model and major features of pyroclast-rich conglomerate reservoirs

2.5 Discribution of source beds and reservoir beds as well as secondary pore development belts

2.6 Formation mechanism of secondary pore development belt

3 Clay minerals in reservoir beds

3.1 Water sensitive minerals

3.2 Velocity sensitive minerals

3.3 Acid sensitive minerals

3.4 distribution of different sensitive minerals and their damages to oil beds

3.5 Damages of external materials to oil beds

3.6 Flow （ expulsion ） effect experiments

4 Specific reservoir beds

4.1 Conglomerate reservoirs with low oil satura-tion but producing pure oil

4.2 Quaternary bio-chemical gas reservoirs

4.3 CO、gas reservoir beds rich in dawsonite

4.4 Reservoirs with other speciallithologies Refer-ences