Contents
Preface iii
ChAPTER 1 Introduction 1
Case Study: How the Free Market Rocked the Grid 2
1.1History of Electric Power Systems 10
1.2Present and Future Trends 17
1.3Electric Utility Industry Structure 20
1.4Computers in Power System Engineering 21
1.5PowerWorld Simulator 22
ChAPTER 2 Fundamentals 29
Case Study: Key Connections 30
2.1Phasors 38
2.2Instantaneous Power in Single-Phase AC Circuits 40
2.3Complex Power 45
2.4Network Equations 50
2.5Balanced Three-Phase Circuits 53
2.6Power in Balanced Three-Phase Circuits 61
2.7Advantages of Balanced Three-Phase versus Single-Phase Systems 66
ChAPTER 3 Power Transformers 69
Case Study: Power Transformers—Life Management and Extension 70
3.1The Ideal Transformer 77
3.2Equivalent Circuits for Practical Transformers 83
3.3 The Per-Unit System 89
ChAPTER 4
3.4Three-Phase Transformer Connections and Phase Shift 97
3.5Per-Unit Equivalent Circuits of Balanced Three-Phase Two-Winding Transformers 102
3.6Three-Winding Transformers 107
3.7Autotransformers 111
3.8Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios 113
Transmission Line Parameters 123
Case Study: Integrating North America’s Power Grid 124 Case Study: Grid Congestion - Unclogging the Arteries
of North America’s Power Grid 129
4.1Transmission Line Design Considerations 135
4.2Resistance 140
4.3Conductance 143
4.4Inductance: Solid Cylindrical Conductor 143
4.5Inductance: Single-Phase Two-Wire Line and Three-Phase Three-Wire Line with Equal Phase Spacing 148
4.6Inductance: Composite Conductors, Unequal Phase Spacing, Bundled Conductors 150
4.7Series Impedances: Three-Phase Line with Neutral Conductors and Earth Return 158
4.8Electric Field and Voltage: Solid Cylindrical Conductor 163
4.9Capacitance: Single-Phase Two-Wire Line and Three-Phase Three-Wire Line with Equal Phase Spacing 166
4.10Capacitance: Stranded Conductors, Unequal Phase Spacing, Bundled Conductors 168
4.11Shunt Admittances: Lines with Neutral Conductors and Earth Return 172
4.12Electric Field Strength at Conductor Surfaces and at Ground Level 177
4.13Parallel Circuit Three-Phase Lines 180
Contents
ChAPTER 5 Transmission Lines: Steady-State Operation 183
Case Study: The ABCs of HVDC Transmission Technologies: An Overview of High Voltage Direct Current Systems and Applications 184
5.1Medium and Short Line Approximations 204
5.2Transmission-Line Differential Equations 211
5.3Equivalent p Circuit 217
5.4Lossless Lines 220
5.5Maximum Power Flow 228
5.6Line Loadability 230
5.7Reactive Compensation Techniques 235
ChAPTER 6 Power Flows 241
Case Study: Finding Flexibility—Cycling the Conventional Fleet 242
6.1Direct Solutions to Linear Algebraic Equations: Gauss Elimination 262
6.2Iterative Solutions to Linear Algebraic Equations: Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel 266
6.3Iterative Solutions to Nonlinear Algebraic Equations: Newton-Raphson 272
6.4The Power Flow Problem 277
6.5Power Flow Solution by Gauss-Seidel 283
6.6Power Flow Solution by Newton-Raphson 285
6.7Control of Power Flow 295
6.8Sparsity Techniques 301
6.9Fast Decoupled Power Flow 304
6.10The “DC” Power Flow 304
6.11Power Flow Modeling of Wind Generation 306
6.12Economic Dispatch 308
6.13Optimal Power Flow 321
ChAPTER 7 Symmetrical Faults 325
Case Study: Short-Circuit Modeling of a Wind Power Plant 326
7.1Series R–L Circuit Transients 345
7.2Three-Phase Short Circuit—Unloaded Synchronous Machine 348
ChAPTER 8
ChAPTER 9
ChAPTER 10
7.3Power System Three-Phase Short Circuits 352
7.4Bus Impedance Matrix 355
7.5Circuit Breaker and Fuse Selection 365
Symmetrical Components 373
Case Study: Technological Progress in High-Voltage Gas-Insulated Substations 374
8.1Definition of Symmetrical Components 391
8.2Sequence Networks of Impedance Loads 397
8.3Sequence Networks of Series Impedances 404
8.4Sequence Networks of Three-Phase Lines 406
8.5Sequence Networks of Rotating Machines 408
8.6Per-Unit Sequence Models of Three-Phase Two-Winding Transformers 414
8.7Per-Unit Sequence Models of Three-Phase Three-Winding Transformers 420
8.8Power in Sequence Networks 422
Unsymmetrical Faults 425
Case Study: Innovative Medium Voltage Switchgear for Today’s Applications 426
9.1System Representation 433
9.2Single Line-to-Ground Fault 439
9.3Line-to-Line Fault 443
9.4Double Line-to-Ground Fault 446
9.5Sequence Bus Impedance Matrices 453
Transient Stability 463
Case Study: Down, but Not Out 465
10.1The Swing Equation 483
10.2Simplified Synchronous Machine Model and System Equivalents 489
10.3The Equal-Area Criterion 491
10.4Numerical Integration of the Swing Equation 501
10.5Multimachine Stability 505
10.6A Two-Axis Synchronous Machine Model 513
Contentsxiii
10.7Wind Turbine Machine Models 518
10.8Design Methods for Improving Transient Stability 524
ChAPTER 11 Power System Controls 527
Case Study: No Light in August: Power System Restoration Following the 2003 North American Blackout 530
11.1Generator-Voltage Control 545
11.2Turbine-Governor Control 549
11.3Load-Frequency Control 555
Appendix 561
目 录
前言vi
第1章引言1
1.1
电力系统的历史10
1.2
现状和发展趋势17
1.3
电力工业的结构20
1.4
计算机在电力系统工程中的应用21
1.5
PowerWorld Simulator仿真软件22
第2章基础29
2.1
相量38
2.2
单相交流电路的瞬时功率40
2.3
复功率45
2.4
网络方程50
2.5
三相平衡电路53
2.6
三相平衡电路的功率61
2.7
三相平衡电路与单相电路的比较优势66
第3章电力变压器69
3.1
理想变压器77
3.2
实际变压器的等效电路83
3.3
标幺制89
3.4
三相变压器的连接和移相器97
3.5
三相双绕组变压器的标幺值等效电路102
3.6
三绕组变压器107
3.7
自耦变压器111
3.8
非标准变比变压器113
目 录xv
第4章输电线路参数123
4.1
输电线路设计的考虑因素135
4.2
电阻140
4.3
电导143
4.4
电感：实心圆柱导体143
4.5
电感：单相两线和三相三线等相间距148
4.6
电感：复合导体、不等相间距、分裂导线150
4.7
串联阻抗：中性导体和接地回路的三相导线158
4.8
电场和电压：实心圆柱导体163
4.9
电容：单相两线和三相三线等相间距166
4.10
电容：绞线、不相等的相间距、分裂导线168
4.11
并联导纳：线与中性导体和接地回路172
4.12
导体表面和大地的电场强度177
4.13
双回路三相线路180
第5章输电线路：稳态运行183
5.1
中等和短线路的等效模型204
5.2
输电线路的微分方程211
5.3
π型等效电路217
5.4
无损线路220
5.5
最大潮流228
5.6
线路的负载能力230
5.7
无功补偿技术235
第6章潮流241
6.1
对线性代数方程组的直接解决方法：高斯消元法262
6.2
线性代数方程组的迭代解法：雅可比和高斯-赛德尔迭代法266
6.3
非线性代数方程组的迭代解法：牛顿-拉夫逊法272
6.4
潮流问题277
6.5
高斯-赛德尔迭代法计算潮流283
6.6
牛顿-拉夫逊法计算潮流285
6.7
潮流控制295
6.8
稀疏技术301
6.9
快速分解法304
6.10
直流潮流304
6.11
风机潮流建模306
6.12
经济调度308
6.13
最优潮流321
第7章对称故障325
7.1
R-L串联电路的暂态345
7.2
空载同步发电机三相短路348
7.3
电力系统三相短路352
7.4
节点阻抗矩阵355
7.5
断路器和熔断器的选择365
第8章对称分量373
8.1
对称分量的定义391
8.2
阻抗负荷的序网络397
8.3
串联阻抗的序网络404
8.4
三相线路的序网络406
8.5
旋转电机的序网络408
8.6
三相双绕组变压器的标幺序网络模型414
8.7
三相三绕组变压器的标幺序网络模型420
8.8
序网络中的功率422
第9章不对称故障425
9.1
电力系统的表示433
9.2
单相接地故障439
9.3
相间故障443
9.4
两相接地故障446
9.5
节点序阻抗矩阵453
第10章暂态稳定463
10.1
转子运动方程483
10.2
同步电机的简化模型和系统等效 489
10.3
等面积定则491
10.4
转子运动方程的数值积分501
10.5
多机稳定性505
10.6
双轴同步电机模型513
10.7
风机模型518
10.8
提高暂态稳定性的方法524
目 录xvii
第11章电力系统控制527
11.1
发电机-电压控制545
11.2
汽轮机-调速器控制549
11.3
负荷-频率控制555
附录5612100433B
《电力系统分析》习题第1、2章
电力系统分析例4-24-3
电力系统分析与设计（英文改编版·原书第6版）内容简介