Chapter 1 Introduction1
1.1 Subjects of This Course1
1.2 Features of This Course1
1.3 Nature of This Course2
1.4 The Process of Machine Design2
1.5 Design Criteria of Machine Elements3
1.6 Standardization of Machine Elements6
1.7 Machine Designer's Responsibility6
第1章 绪论8
1.1 本课程的研究对象8
1.2 本课程的特点8
1.3 本课程的性质8
1.4 机械设计的程序9
1.5 机械零件的设计准则9
1.6 机械零件的标准化11
1.7 机械设计人员的责任11
Chapter 2 Threaded Joints13
2.1 Overview13
2.1.1 Thread Manufacturing13
2.1.2 Thread Elements13
2.2 Principal Types of Screw Joints and Screw Fasteners15
2.2.1 Principal Types of Screw Joints15
2.2.2 Screw Fasteners16
2.2.3 Materials and Capacity Grades of Screw Fasteners17
2.3 Screw Tightening and Locking18
2.3.1 Screw Tightening18
2.3.2 Locking of Screw Joints19
2.4 Strength Calculations for Screw Joints21
2.4.1 Strength Calculations for Tension-Loaded Bolted Joints21
2.4.2 Strength Calculations for Bolted Joints Loaded in Shear24
2.5 Load Analyses of Bolt Groups24
2.6 Methods for Increasing the Strength of Bolted Joints29第2章 螺纹连接31
2.1 概述31
2.1.1 螺纹的形成31
2.1.2 螺纹的要素31
2.2 螺纹连接的主要类型和螺纹紧固件32
2.2.1 螺纹连接的主要类型32
2.2.2 螺纹紧固件32
2.2.3 螺纹紧固件的材料和性能等级33
2.3 螺纹的拧紧和防松33
2.3.1 螺纹的拧紧33
2.3.2 螺纹连接的防松34
2.4 螺纹连接的强度计算35
2.4.1 受拉伸载荷螺栓连接的强度计算35
2.4.2 受剪切载荷螺栓连接的强度计算37
2.5 螺栓组连接的受力分析37
2.6 提高螺栓连接强度的措施40
Chapter 3 Key Joints41
3.1 Parallel Key Joints41
3.2 Woodruff Key Joints42
3.3 Taper Key Joints43
3.4 Joints with Tangent Double-Taper Keys44
3.5 Strength Calculations of Parallel Key Joints44
第3章 键连接47
3.1 平键连接47
3.2 半圆键连接47
3.3 楔键连接48
3.4 切向键连接48
3.5 平键连接强度计算48
Chapter 4 Belt Drives51
4.1 Overview51
4.2 V-belts and V-belt Pulleys52
4.2.1 Specification for Standard Series V-belts52
4.2.2 V-belt Pulleys53
4.3 Forces and Stresses in Belts55
4.3.1 Forces in Belts55
4.3.2 Stresses in Belts56
4.4 Creep and Speed Rate in Belt Drives57
4.4.1 Creep of Belt Drives57
4.4.2 Speed Rate of Belt Drives58
4.5 V-belt Drive Design58
4.5.1 Failure and Design Criteria of Belt Drives58
4.5.2 Strength Calculation of V-belt Drives58
4.5.3 Design Procedure and Factor Choice for V-belt Drives60
4.5.4 Tensioning Device of V-belt Drives64
第4章 带传动67
4.1 概述67
4.2 V带与V带轮67
4.2.1 标准系列V带的规格67
4.2.2 V带轮68
4.3 带传动的受力与应力分析69
4.3.1 带传动的受力分析69
4.3.2 带传动的应力分析70
4.4 带传动的弹性滑动与传动比70
4.4.1 带传动的弹性滑动70
4.4.2 带传动的传动比71
4.5 V带传动的设计71
4.5.1 带传动的失效形式与设计准则71
4.5.2 V带传动的强度计算71
4.5.3 V带传动的设计步骤与参数选择73
4.5.4 V带传动的张紧装置76
Chapter 5 Chain Drives78
5.1 Overview78
5.1.1 Features of Chain Drives78
5.1.2 Principal Types of Chains79
5.1.3 Principal Types of Power Transmission Chains79
5.2 Roller Chains79
5.3 Kinematic Characteristics of Chain Drives81
5.3.1 Average Chain Velocity and Speed Ratio81
5.3.2 Instantaneous Chain Velocity and Speed Ratio81
5.3.3 Impact Loads in Chain Drives82
5.4 Design of Chain Drives83
5.4.1 Types of Failure and Rated Power of Chain Drives83
5.4.2 Principal Parameters Selection of Chain Drives85
5.4.3 Forces Acting on the Shafts of Chain Drives85
5.5 Lubrication of Chain Drives85
第5章 链传动88
5.1 概述88
5.1.1 链传动特点88
5.1.2 链的主要种类88
5.1.3 传动链的主要类型88
5.2 滚子链89
5.3 链传动的运动特性89
5.3.1 链的平均速度与平均传动比89
5.3.2 链的瞬时速度与瞬时传动比90
5.3.3 链传动的动载荷90
5.4 链传动的设计90
5.4.1 链传动的失效形式与额定功率90
5.4.2 链传动主要参数的选择92
5.4.3 链传动中作用于轴上的力92
5.5 链传动的润滑93
Chapter 6 Toothed Gearing95
6.1 Overview95
6.2 Principal Types of Toothed Gearing95
6.3 Types of Tooth Failure and Design Criteria96
6.3.1 Types of Tooth Failure96
6.3.2 Design Criteria of Gearing98
6.4 Gear Materials98
6.5 Force Analysis for Gearing99
6.5.1 Force Analysis for Spur Gears99
6.5.2 Force Analysis for Helical Gears100
6.5.3 Force Analysis for Bevel Gears101
6.5.4 Design Load102
6.6 Strength Calculations for Spur Gearing104
6.6.1 Contact Strength Calculations for Spur Gears104
6.6.2 Bending Strength Calculations for Spur Gears107
6.7 Strength Calculations for Helical Gearing110
6.7.1 Contact Strength Calculations for Helical Gears110
6.7.2 Bending Strength Calculations for Helical Gears111
6.8 Strength Calculations for Bevel Gearing112
6.8.1 Contact Strength Calculations for Bevel Gears112
6.8.2 Bending Strength Calculations for Bevel Gears112
6.9 Accuracy of Toothed Gearing113
6.10 Structure of Gears113
第6章 齿轮传动118
6.1 概述118
6.2 齿轮传动的主要类型118
6.3 轮齿的失效形式与设计准则118
6.3.1 轮齿的失效形式118
6.3.2 齿轮传动的设计准则119
6.4 齿轮材料120
6.5 齿轮传动的受力分析121
6.5.1 直齿轮受力分析121
6.5.2 斜齿轮受力分析121
6.5.3 圆锥齿轮受力分析122
6.5.4 计算载荷122
6.6 直齿圆柱齿轮传动的强度计算123
6.6.1 直齿圆柱齿轮的接触强度计算123
6.6.2 直齿圆柱齿轮的弯曲强度计算126
6.7 斜齿圆柱齿轮传动的强度计算127
6.7.1 斜齿轮接触强度计算127
6.7.2 斜齿轮弯曲强度计算127
6.8 圆锥齿轮传动的强度计算128
6.8.1 圆锥齿轮接触强度计算128
6.8.2 圆锥齿轮弯曲强度计算128
6.9 齿轮传动的精度129
6.10 齿轮的结构129
Chapter 7 Worm Gearing133
7.1 Characteristics and Types of Worm Gearing133
7.1.1 Characteristics of Worm Gearing133
7.1.2 Types of Worm Gearing133
7.2 Principal Parameters and Geometrical Calculations of Cylindrical Worm
Gearing135
7.2.1 The Proper Meshing Condition of Cylindrical Worm Gearing135
7.2.2 Principal Parameters of Cylindrical Worm Gearing136
7.2.3 Geometrical Calculations of Cylindrical Worm Gearing138
7.3 Types of Failure, Design Criteria and Materials of Ordinary Cylindrical
Worm Gearing139
7.3.1 Types of Failure139
7.3.2 Design Criteria139
7.3.3 Materials140
7.4 Strength Calculations of Worm Gearing140
7.4.1 Force Analysis of Worm Gearing140
7.4.2 Strength Calculations of Worm Gearing141
7.5 Efficiency, Lubrication and Calculation of Heat Balance144
7.5.1 Efficiency of Worm Gearing144
7.5.2 Lubrication of Worm Gearing146
7.5.3 Heat Balance of Worm Gearing146
7.6 Structure of Worms and Worm Gears147
第7章 蜗杆传动151
7.1 蜗杆传动的特点与类型151
7.1.1 蜗杆传动的特点151
7.1.2 蜗杆传动的类型151
7.2 圆柱蜗杆传动的基本参数与几何计算152
7.2.1 圆柱蜗杆传动的正确啮合条件152
7.2.2 圆柱蜗杆传动的基本参数152
7.2.3 圆柱蜗杆传动的几何计算154
7.3 普通圆柱蜗杆传动的失效形式、设计准则及材料155
7.3.1 失效形式155
7.3.2 设计准则155
7.3.3 材料155
7.4 蜗杆传动的强度计算155
7.4.1 蜗杆传动的受力分析155
7.4.2 蜗杆传动的强度计算156
7.5 蜗杆传动的效率、润滑及热平衡计算158
7.5.1 蜗杆传动的效率158
7.5.2 蜗杆传动的润滑159
7.5.3 蜗杆传动的热平衡160
7.6 蜗杆和蜗轮的结构160
Chapter 8 Shafts164
8.1 Overview164
8.1.1 Types of Shafts164
8.1.2 Shaft Materials166
8.2 Structural Design of Shafts166
8.2.1 Functional Requirements167
8.2.2 Technological Requirements168
8.2.3 Improving the Strength of Shafts170
8.3 Strength Calculations of Shafts171
8.3.1 Calculation of Shafts for Only Shear Stress171
8.3.2 Calculation of Shafts for Combined Bending and
Torsional Stress172
8.3.3 Fatigue Strength Calculation of Shafts173
第8章 轴178
8.1 概述178
8.1.1 轴的分类178
8.1.2 轴的材料179
8.2 轴结构设计179
8.2.1 使用要求179
8.2.2 工艺性要求180
8.2.3 提高轴的强度 181
8.3 轴的强度计算181
8.3.1 只承受剪切应力的轴计算181
8.3.2 既承受弯曲应力又承受剪切应力的轴计算182
8.3.3 轴的疲劳强度计算183
Chapter 9 Rolling Bearings186
9.1 Overview186
9.1.1 Configuration of Rolling Bearings186
9.1.2 Materials for Rolling Bearings187
9.1.3 Advantages and Shortcomings of Rolling Bearings187
9.2 Types of Rolling Bearings187
9.3 Codes of Rolling Bearings (by Chinese Standard)190
9.4 Load Distribution, Failure and Design Criteria of Rolling Bearings191
9.4.1 Load Distribution Among the Rolling Elements191
9.4.2 Failure Modes of the Rolling Elements192
9.4.3 Design Criteria of the Rolling Elements192
9.5 Rolling Bearings Life Calculations193
9.5.1 Fatigue Life of the Rolling Bearings193
9.5.2 Basic Rating Life, Basic Dynamic Load Rating and Basic Static
Load Rating193
9.5.3 Equivalent Dynamic Load and Equivalent Static Load194
9.5.4 Rolling Bearings Life Calculations195
9.5.5 Analysis of Forces Exerted on Angular-Contact Rolling
Bearings196
9.6 Design Arrangements, Lubrication and Sealing Devices for
Rolling Bearings200
9.6.1 Design Arrangements for Rolling Bearings200
9.6.2 Preloading for Rolling Bearings203
9.6.3 Rolling Bearings Lubrication and Sealing Devices204
9.6.4 Mounting and Dismounting Bearings205
第9章 滚动轴承207
9.1 概述207
9.1.1 基本构造和特点207
9.1.2 滚动轴承的材料207
9.1.3 滚动轴承的优缺点207
9.2 滚动轴承的类型208
9.3 滚动轴承代号(中国标准)210
9.4 滚动轴承的载荷分布、失效与设计准则211
9.4.1 滚动体间的载荷分布211
9.4.2 滚动轴承的失效形式211
9.4.3 滚动轴承的设计准则212
9.5 滚动轴承寿命计算212
9.5.1 滚动轴承的疲劳寿命212
9.5.2 基本额定寿命、基本额定动载荷与基本额定静载荷212
9.5.3 当量动载荷和当量静载荷213
9.5.4 滚动轴承寿命计算214
9.5.5 角接触滚动轴承的力分析215
9.6 滚动轴承的组合设计、润滑与密封装置217
9.6.1 滚动轴承的组合设计217
9.6.2 滚动轴承的预紧218
9.6.3 滚动轴承的润滑和密封装置218
9.6.4 滚动轴承的装拆219
Chapter 10 Sliding Bearings220
10.1 Introduction220
10.1.1 Types of Sliding Bearings220
10.1.2 Field of Application221
10.2 Constructions of Radial Sliding Bearings221
10.2.1 Solid Bearings221
10.2.2 Split Bearings222
10.2.3 Automatic Center Regulating Bearings222
10.2.4 Construction of Bushings223
10.3 Bearing Materials224
10.4 Lubricants225
10.5 Calculations of Boundary-Lubricated Bearings226
10.6 Principle of Hydrodynamic Lubrication227
10.7 Calculations of Hydrodynamic-Lubricated Bearings229
10.7.1 Geometrical Relations229
10.7.2 Supporting Capacity and Load Factor230
10.7.3 Determine the Minimum Thickness of the Oil Film231
10.7.4 Calculation of Heat Balance232
第10章 滑动轴承235
10.1 绪论235
10.1.1 滑动轴承的类型235
10.1.2 滑动轴承的应用范围235
10.2 径向滑动轴承的结构236
10.2.1 整体式轴承236
10.2.2 剖分式轴承236
10.2.3 自动调心轴承236
10.2.4 轴瓦的结构236
10.3 轴承材料237
10.4 润滑剂238
10.5 边界润滑轴承计算238
10.6 液体动力润滑原理239
10.7 液体动力润滑轴承的计算241
10.7.1 几何关系241
10.7.2 承载能力与载荷系数241
10.7.3 最小油膜厚度的确定242
10.7.4 热平衡计算242
Chapter 11 Couplings and Clutches245
11.1 Introduction245
11.2 Couplings246
11.2.1 Rigid Couplings246
11.2.2 Flexible Couplings247
11.3 Clutches250
11.3.1 Mechanically Controlled Clutches250
11.3.2 Safety Clutches252
第11章 联轴器与离合器254
11.1 绪论254
11.2 联轴器254
11.2.1 刚性联轴器254
11.2.2 挠性联轴器255
11.3 离合器256
11.3.1 机械操纵离合器257
11.3.2 安全离合器258Chapter 12 Springs259
12.1 Functions and Types of Springs259
12.1.1 Functions of Springs259
12.1.2 Types of Springs259
12.2 Stresses and Deflection of Helical Compression and
Extension Springs259
12.2.1 Stresses in Springs259
12.2.2 Deflection of Springs261
12.3 Characteristic Curves of Helical Springs261
12.4 Spring Materials and Allowable Stresses262
12.5 Geometric Dimensions of Helical Springs264
第12章 弹簧266
12.1 弹簧的功用和类型266
12.1.1 弹簧的功用266
12.1.2 弹簧的类型266
12.2 圆柱压缩、拉伸螺旋弹簧的应力与变形267
12.2.1 弹簧中的应力267
12.2.2 弹簧的变形267
12.3 圆柱螺旋弹簧的特性线268
12.4 弹簧的材料及许用应力268
12.5 圆柱螺旋弹簧的几何尺寸269
Chapter 13 Other Kinds of Joints271
13.1 Pin Joints271
13.2 Interference Fit Joints273
13.3 Shaped Joints275
13.4 Riveted Joints276
13.4.1 Characteristics and Applications of Riveted Joints276
13.4.2 Rivets and Types of Riveted Joints277
13.4.3 Failure Types of Riveted Joints and Strength Calculations278
13.5 Welded Joints280
13.5.1 Types, Characteristics and Applications of Welded Joints280
13.5.2 Styles of Welds282
13.5.3 Strength Calculations of Welds283
13.6 Adhesive Bonding284
第13章 其他连接287
13.1 销连接287
13.2 过盈配合连接288
13.3 成形连接289
13.4 铆接289
13.4.1 铆接特点及应用289
13.4.2 铆钉及铆钉连接的型式290
13.4.3 铆钉连接的破坏形式及强度计算290
13.5 焊接292
13.5.1 焊接类型、特点及应用292
13.5.2 焊缝的式样292
13.5.3 焊缝的强度计算293
13.6 胶接294
Chapter 14 Reducers296
14.1 Main Types and Characteristics of Reducers296
14.1.1 Cylindrical Gear Reducers296
14.1.2 Bevel Gear Reducers297
14.1.3 Worm Reducers297
14.1.4 Planetary Gear Reducers298
14.2 Distribution of Speed Ratio299
14.3 Structure of Gear Reducer302
14.4 Lubrication of Gear Reducer303
第14章 减速器305
14.1 减速器的主要型式及特点305
14.1.1 圆柱齿轮减速器305
14.1.2 圆锥齿轮减速器305
14.1.3 蜗杆减速器305
14.1.4 行星齿轮减速器306
14.2 传动比分配306
14.3 减速器的结构308
14.4 减速器的润滑309
Appendix A(附录A)310
References（参考文献）315 2100433B
机械及机械零件设计基础知识
简明机械零件设计手册基本信息