INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Overview of Text 2

1.2 Relationship of Circuit Analysis to Engineering 4

1.3 Analysis and Design 5

1.4 Computer-Aided Analysis 6

1.5 Successful Problem-Solving Strategies 7

READING FURTHER 8

CHAPTER 2

BASIC COMPONENTS AND ELECTRIC CIRCUITS 9

2.1 Units and Scales 9

2.2 Charge, Current, Voltage, and Power 11

2.3 Voltage and Current Sources 17

2.4 Ohm’s Law 22

SUMMARYAND REVIEW 28

READING FURTHER 29

EXERCISES 29

CHAPTER 3

VOLTAGE AND CURRENT LAWS 39

3.1 Nodes, Paths, Loops, and Branches 39

3.2 Kirchhoff’s Current Law 40

3.3 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law 42

3.4 The Single-Loop Circuit 46

3.5 The Single-Node-Pair Circuit 49

3.6 Series and Parallel Connected Sources 51

3.7 Resistors in Series and Parallel 55

3.8 Voltage and Current Division 61

SUMMARYAND REVIEW 66

READING FURTHER 67

EXERCISES 67

CHAPTER 4

BASIC NODAL AND MESH ANALYSIS 79

4.1 Nodal Analysis 80

4.2 The Supernode 89

4.3 Mesh Analysis 92

4.4 The Supermesh 98

4.5 Nodal vs. Mesh Analysis: A Comparison 101

4.6 Computer-Aided Circuit Analysis 103

SUMMARY AND REVIEW 107

READING FURTHER 109

EXERCISES 109

CHAPTER 5

HANDY CIRCUIT ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES 123

5.1 Linearity and Superposition 123

5.2 Source Transformations 133

5.3 Thévenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits 141

5.4 Maximum Power Transfer 152

5.5 Delta-Wye Conversion 154

5.6 Selecting an Approach: A Summary of Various Techniques 157

SUMMARY AND REVIEW 158

READING FURTHER 159

EXERCISES 159

CHAPTER 6

THE OPERATIONAL

6.1 Background 175

6.2 The Ideal Op Amp:

6.3 Cascaded Stages

6.4 Circuits for Voltage

6.5 Practical Considerations

6.6 Comparators and SUMMARY AND READING FURTHER EXERCISES

CHAPTER 7

CAPACITORS AND

7.1 The Capacitor

7.2 The Inductor 225

7.3 Inductance and

7.4 Consequences

7.5 Simple Op Amp

7.6 Duality 242

7.7 Modeling Capacitors and Inductors with PSpice 245 SUMMARY AND REVIEW 247 READING FURTHER 249 EXERCISES 249

CHAPTER 8

BASIC RL AND RC CIRCUITS 261

8.1 The Source-Free RL Circuit 261

8.2 Properties of the Exponential Response 268

8.3 The Source-Free RC Circuit 272

8.4 A More General Perspective 275

8.5 The Unit-Step Function 282

8.6 Driven RL Circuits 286

8.7 Natural and Forced Response 289

8.8 Driven RC Circuits 295

8.9 Predicting the Response of Sequentially Switched Circuits 300 SUMMARY AND REVIEW 306 READING FURTHER 308 EXERCISES 309

CHAPTER 9

THE RLC CIRCUIT 321

9.1 The Source-Free Parallel Circuit 321

9.2 The Overdamped Parallel RLC Circuit 326

9.3 Critical Damping 334

9.4 The Underdamped Parallel RLC Circuit 338

9.5 The Source-Free Series RLC Circuit 345

9.6 The Complete Response of the RLC Circuit 351

9.7 The Lossless LC Circuit 359 SUMMARY AND REVIEW 361 READING FURTHER 363 EXERCISES 363

CHAPTER 10

SUMMARY AND REVIEW 409 READING FURTHER 410 EXERCISES 410

SINUSOIDAL STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS 371

10.1 Characteristics of Sinusoids 371

10.2 Forced Response to Sinusoidal Functions 374

10.3 The Complex Forcing Function 378

10.4 The Phasor 383

10.5 Impedance and Admittance 389

10.6 Nodal and Mesh Analysis 394

10.7 Superposition, Source Transformations and Thévenin’s Theorem 397

10.8 Phasor Diagrams 406

CHAPTER 11

AC CIRCUIT POWER ANALYSIS 421

11.1 Instantaneous Power 422

11.2 Average Power 424

11.3 Effective Values of Current and Voltage 433

11.4 Apparent Power and Power Factor 438

11.5 Complex Power 441 SUMMARY AND REVIEW 447 READING FURTHER 449 EXERCISES 449

CHAPTER 12

POLYPHASE CIRCUITS 457

12.1 Polyphase Systems 458

12.2 Single-Phase Three-Wire Systems 460

12.3 Three-Phase Y-Y Connection 464

12.4 The Delta (_) Connection 470

12.5 Power Measurement in Three-Phase Systems 476 SUMMARY AND REVIEW 484 READING FURTHER 486 EXERCISES 486

CHAPTER 13

MAGNETICALLY COUPLED CIRCUITS 493

13.1 Mutual Inductance 493

13.2 Energy Considerations 501

13.3 The Linear Transformer 505

13.4 The Ideal Transformer 512 SUMMARY AND REVIEW 522 READING FURTHER 523 EXERCISES 523

CHAPTER 14

COMPLEX FREQUENCY AND THE LAPLACE TRANSFORM 533

14.1 Complex Frequency 533

14.2 The Damped Sinusoidal Forcing Function 537

14.3 Definition of the Laplace Transform 540

14.4 Laplace Transforms of Simple Time Functions 543

14.5 Inverse Transform Techniques 546

14.6 Basic Theorems for the Laplace Transform 553

14.7 The Initial-Value and Final-Value Theorems 561 SUMMARY AND REVIEW 564 READING FURTHER 565 EXERCISES 565

CHAPTER 15

CIRCUIT ANALYSIS IN THE s-DOMAIN 571

15.1 Z(s) and Y(s) 571

15.2 Nodal and Mesh Analysis in the s-Domain 578

15.3 Additional Circuit Analysis Techniques 585

15.4 Poles, Zeros, and Transfer Functions 588

15.5 Convolution 589

15.6 The Complex-Frequency Plane 598

15.7 Natural Response and the s Plane 602

15.8 A Technique for Synthesizing the Voltage Ratio H(s) = Vout/Vin 606 SUMMARY AND REVIEW 610 READING FURTHER 612 EXERCISES 612

CHAPTER 16

FREQUENCY RESPONSE 619

16.1 Parallel Resonance 619

16.2 Bandwidth and High-Q Circuits 627

16.3 Series Resonance 633

16.4 Other Resonant Forms 637

16.5 Scaling 644

16.6 Bode Diagrams 648

16.7 Basic Filter Design 664

16.8 Advanced Filter Design 672

SUMMARY AND REVIEW 677

READING FURTHER 679 EXERCISES 679

CHAPTER 17

TWO-PORT NETWORKS 687

17. One-Port Networks 687

APPENDIX 6 A BRIEF MATLAB® TUTORIAL 827

17. Admittance Parameters 692

17. Some Equivalent Networks 699 APPENDIX 7 ADDITIONAL LAPLACE TRANSFORM

17. Impedance Parameters 708 THEOREMS 833

17. Hybrid Parameters 713

17. Transmission Parameters 716

SUMMARY AND REVIEW 720

INDEX 839

READING FURTHER 721

EXERCISES 722

CHAPTER 18

FOURIER CIRCUIT ANALYSIS 733

18.1 Trigonometric Form of the Fourier Series 733

18.2 The Use of Symmetry 743

18.3 Complete Response to Periodic Forcing Functions 748

18.4 Complex Form of the Fourier Series 750

18.5 Definition of the Fourier Transform 757

18.6 Some Properties of the Fourier Transform 761

18.7 Fourier Transform Pairs for Some Simple Time Functions 764

18.8 The Fourier Transform of a General Periodic Time Function 769

18.9 The System Function and Response in the Frequency Domain 770

18.10 The Physical Significance of the System Function 777

SUMMARY AND REVIEW 782

READING FURTHER 783 EXERCISES 783

APPENDIX 1 AN INTRODUCTION TO NETWORKTOPOLOGY 791

APPENDIX 2 SOLUTION OF SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS 803

APPENDIX 3 A PROOF OF THÉVENIN’S THEOREM 811

APPENDIX 4 A PSPICE® TUTORIAL 813

APPENDIX 5 COMPLEX NUMBERS 817 2100433B