绪论建筑热环境设计的目标: 舒适、健康、高效Building Thermal Environment: Creation of Comfort, Health and Efficiency1

第1部分人·建筑·气候——基于人的考虑Human·Building·Climate—Thinking of People

1人与建筑/Human and Building5

1.1人的热舒适/Thermal Comfort5

1.1.1生存/SurvivalfromNature5

1.1.2热感觉与热舒适/ThermalPerceptionandThermalComfort6

1.2人体热舒适影响因素/ThermalComfortFactors8

1.2.1环境物理状况/PhysicalEnvironment8

1.2.2人体活动因素/HumanActivity9

1.2.3服装因素/Clothing9

1.2.4个体因素/IndividualDifference9

1.3室内热感觉的量化评价/QuantificationandEvaluationofIndoorThermalPerception9

1.3.1量化指标与测量/ParametersandMeasurements10

1.3.2热平衡方程/ThermalBalanceEquation16

1.3.3热舒适指数/ThermalComfortIndices17

1.3.4生物气候图/BioclimaticChart22

1.4室内热环境设计标准/IndoorThermalEnvironmentDesignStandard24

2气候与建筑/ClimaticSensitiveArchitectureDesign25

2.1气候与建筑设计/ClimateandArchitectureDesign26

2.1.1气候与气候分区/ClimateZones27目录建筑热环境（第2版）

2.1.2中国气候特征与区划/ChinaClimateZones32

2.1.3大气温室效应/AtmosphericGreenhouseEffect34

2.1.4气候设计维度/ClimaticDesignScalesforClimate35

2.2结合气候设计的要素/ClimateElementsforArchitectureDesign39

2.2.1太阳辐射/SolarRadiation39

2.2.2空气温度/AirTemperature41

2.2.3气压与风/AirPressureandWind43

2.2.4空气湿度/AtmosphericHumidity48

2.2.5凝结和降水/CondensationandPrecipitation49

2.3气候敏感性建筑设计策略/StrategiesforClimaticSensitiveArchitectureDesign50

2.3.1宏观气候设计策略/MacroandMesoClimaticDesignStrategies50

2.3.2微观气候设计策略/MicroclimaticDesignStrategies56

2.3.3传统方法与现代技术/VernacularSolutionsandModernTechnologies56

第2部分材料·构造·围护结构——基于技术的考虑Material·Construction·Envelope—ThinkingofTechnology

3传热学的基本概念和原理/PrinciplesofThermalPhysics75

3.1辐射与辐射换热/RadiationandRadiationHeatTransfer75

3.1.1辐射的反射、吸收和透过/Reflection，AbsorptanceandTransmission75

3.1.2辐射换热/RadiationHeatTransfer79

3.2对流与对流换热/ConvectionandConvectionHeatTransfer83

3.2.1自然对流和受迫对流/FreeConvectionandForcedConvection83

3.2.2表面对流换热/ConvectionHeatTransfer83

3.3导热与导热换热/ConductionandConductionHeatTransfer85

3.3.1导热/Conduction85

3.3.2导热换热/ConductionHeatTransfer85

4建筑材料和构造的热工特性/BuildingMaterialsandConstruction88

4.1导热系数和热阻/ThermalConductivityandResistivity88

4.2蓄热系数和热惰性指标/ThermalMassandInertiaIndex90

4.2.1材料蓄热系数/MaterialThermalMass90

4.2.2围护结构内表面蓄热系数/EnvelopeThemalMass92

4.2.3围护结构热惰性指标/IndexofThermalInteria92

4.3绝热建筑材料与构造/InsulationMaterialsandConstruction93

4.3.1轻质成型材料及成品板材/BulkInsulationMaterials94

4.3.2空气间层构造及空心砌体/AirGap94

4.3.3反射绝热材料与构造/ReflectiveInsulationMaterialsand97

5建筑围护结构热工设计原理/BuildingEnvelopeThermalPerformanceandDesign98

5.1保温设计原理/ControlofBuildingEnvelopeHeatLossinWinter98

5.1.1传热过程和传热量/HeatTransferProcessandHeatFlow98

5.1.2传热系数和传热阻/HeatTransferCoefficientandResistivity101

5.1.3内表面及内部温度/SurfaceTemperatureandTemperatureProfile104

5.2隔热设计原理/ControlofBuildingEnvelopeHeatGaininSummer105

5.2.1隔热过程和室外综合温度/HeatGainandSolairTemperature106

5.2.2衰减倍数和延迟时间/ThermalAmplitudeDecrementandTimeLag107

5.2.3内表面最高温度/MaximumIndoorSurfaceTemperature109

5.3防潮设计原理/ControlofBuildingEnvelopeCondensationsinWinter111

5.3.1围护结构热湿现象/CondensationsinBuildingEnvelope112

5.3.2内表面结露及防止/ControlofIndoorSurfaceCondensation112

5.3.3内部蒸汽渗透/VapourPenetration113

5.3.4内部冷凝的判别/ControlofInterstitialCondensation114

5.4通风设计原理/PerformanceandDesignofBuildingVentilation116

5.4.1建筑通风的功能/FunctionsofBuildingVentilation116

5.4.2自然通风机理/MechanismsofNaturalVentilation117

5.4.3建筑自然通风设计/BuildingNaturalVentilationDesign119

5.4.4建筑防风与冷风渗透/WindShelterandInfiltration128

第3部分建筑·形式·细部——基于设计的考虑Building·Shape·Detail—ThinkingofDesign

6建筑与建筑热环境设计/BuildingandThermalEnvironmentDesign133

6.1关注热环境的建筑设计/ArchitecturalExpressionof

ThermalEnvironmentTechnology133

6.1.1建筑师与工程师/ArchitectandEngineer133

6.1.2建筑节能与建筑风格/EnergyEfficiencyandArchitectureStyle134

6.1.3从场地规划到细部设计/FromSiteplantoDetailDesign135

6.1.4主动式与被动式技术的表现/ExpressionofActiveandPassiveTechnology135

6.1.5技术集成与整体应用/IntegratedDesignofArchitectureandTechnology136

6.2建筑热环境设计/BuildingThermalEnvironmentDesign138

6.2.1防寒设计综合措施/IntegratedDesignStrategiesinWinter138

6.2.2防热设计综合措施/IntegratedDesignStrategiesinSummer146

7围护结构节能设计/ManipulatingEnvelopeandFenestration149

7.1墙体/Walls149

7.1.1保温外墙体/InsulatedWall149

7.1.2玻璃幕墙/GlazingWall150

7.1.3特隆布墙/TrombeWall153

7.1.4透明绝热墙/TransparentInsulatedWall154

7.1.5双层玻璃幕墙/DoubleGlazingWall155

7.1.6绿化墙体/PlantWall158

7.2门窗/DoorsandWindows159

7.2.1保温门窗/InsulatedDoorsandWindows159

7.2.2窗用玻璃/Glazing161

7.2.3绝热窗框/InsulatedFrame163

7.3屋顶/Roofs164

7.3.1保温屋顶/InsulatedRoofs164

7.3.2种植屋面/RoofPlants165

7.3.3蓄水屋面/RoofPonds166

7.3.4通风屋顶和架空屋顶/ShadedRoofTerraces166

7.4楼地面/Floors168

7.4.1楼地面保温/InsulatedFloors169

7.4.2低温辐射采暖地板/RadiationHeatingFloor169

7.5阳光间/SunSpace170

7.6中庭空间/Atrium171

第4部分舒适·健康·高效——基于未来的考虑Comfort·Health·Efficiency—ThinkingofFuture

8太阳与建筑/SunandBuilding1758.1太阳运行规律/SunPathandDescription175

8.1.1太阳位置计算方法/CalculationofSunPath175

8.1.2太阳运行的主观感受/ApparentSunMotion175

8.1.3太阳运行规律的科学描述/ScientificDescriptionofSunPath177

8.1.4日照图表及其应用/SunPathDiagrams180

8.2建筑日照/BuildingSunshine183

8.2.1日照间距的计算/SpaceforSunshine184

8.2.2日照间距与建筑布局/BuildingArrangementforSunshine185

8.3建筑遮阳与构件/SolarShadinginBuildings187

8.3.1建筑遮阳方式/SolarShadingDevices187

8.3.2遮阳构件计算/CalculationofSolarShadingDevices192

8.3.3遮阳构件性能与设计/SolarShadingDevicePerformanceandDesign194

8.3.4现代遮阳构件/AdvancedSolarShadingDevices196

8.4太阳能利用/SolarEnergyUtilization199

8.4.1太阳能转换技术/SolarEnergyCollectionTechnologies200

8.4.2太阳能建筑/SolarBuilding201

8.5建筑自然冷却降温/BuildingPassiveCooling213

8.5.1外逸长波辐射/OutgoingLongwaveRadiation213

8.5.2自然通风和夜间通风/NaturalVentilationandNightFlush213

8.5.3蒸发冷却/Evaporation217

8.5.4土壤供冷/CoolingbyEarth220

9建筑与能源和碳排放/BuildingEnergyUsageandCarbonEmission222

9.1建筑用能/BuildingEnergyUsage222

9.1.1建筑用能边界/LifecycleBuildingEnergyUsage222

9.1.2中国建筑用能状况/BuildingEnergyIssuesinChina224

9.1.3中国气候与建筑节能/ClimateandBuildingEnergyinChina224

9.1.4建筑热工设计标准/UpdateofThermalDesignStandards225

9.2中国建筑节能设计标准/DesignStandardsforBuildingEnergyEfficiencyinChina227

9.2.1公共建筑节能设计标准/DesignStandardforEnergyEfficiencyofPublicBuildings227

9.2.2居住建筑节能设计标准/DesignStandardsforHomeEnergyEfficiency228

9.3建筑碳排放/BuildingCarbonEmission230

9.3.1碳基能源照耀人类文明史/HumanCivilizationIlluminatedbyFossilFuel232

9.3.2碳基能源与碳排放问题/CarbonEmissionofFossilFuel232

9.4建筑节能之路/EnergyConsciousArchitectureDesign234

9.4.1非碳基能源路漫漫/RenewableEnergy235

9.4.2建筑节能的终极目标/LowEnergyBuildingStandards238

9.4.3被动式节能建筑/PassiveLowEnergyArchitecture240

10可持续发展建筑观/SustainableArchitectureView246

10.1自然观与建筑观/NatureandArchitecture247

10.2走向可持续建筑/SustainableArchitecture248

10.2.1生态建筑/EcologicalArchitecture250

10.2.2绿色建筑/GreenArchitecture251

10.2.3生态住区/EcologicalCommunityandHouse252

10.2.4低碳建筑/LowCarbonArchitecture252

10.3可持续发展建筑观/SustainableArchitectureView256

10.4舒适 健康 高效/Comfort Health Efficiency258

结语/Conclusion259

插图目录及来源261

主要参考文献2702100433B