Part 1 TEXT

Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Relevant definition

1.1.1 Surveying and Engineering surveying

1.1.2 Geomatics

1.2 Types of survey

1.3 Survey reference surfaces

1.4 Basic measurements

1.5 Two important principles of survey work

1.5.1 The organizing principle of survey work

1.5.2 The executive principle of survey work

Chapter 2 Error Theories

2. 1 Errors in measurement

2.1.1 Definition, sources and types of error

2. 1.2 Characteristics of random errors

2. 1.3 Most probable value (MPV)

2. 2 Indices of precision

2. 2. 1 Standard deviation

2. 2. 2 Relative precision

2. 2. 3 Confidence limits and allowable errors

2. 3 Definition of precision and accuracy

2. 4 The law of error propagation

2.5 Weight

2. 5.1 Concept of weight

2. 5.2 Adjustment of measurements with unequal weights

Chapter 3 Distance Measurement

3.1 General

3.2 Tape measurements

3.3 Optical methods (Tachymetry)

3.3. 1 Measurement by stadia for horizontal sights

3.3.2 Measurement by stadia for inclined sights

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Chapter 4 Levelling

Chapter 5 Angle Measurement

Chapter 6 Total Station

Chapter 7 Control Surveys

Chapter 8 Topographic Surveys

Chapter 9 Highway Curve Surveys

Chapter 10 Calculation of Areas and Volumes

Chapter 11 Construction Surveys

Chapter 12 The Global Positioning System2100433B