前言

第1章 AutoCAD 2012入门················································· 1

1.1 操作环境简介·························································· 1

1.1.1 操作界面（Ctrl 9、F2）······································· 2

1.1.2 绘图系统配置（OPTIONS，OP）··························· 4

1.1.3 绘图环境设置（UNIT，UN）································ 6

1.2 基本操作入门·························································· 6

1.2.1 命令输入方法····················································· 7

1.2.2 数据输入方式····················································· 8

1.2.3 基本编辑操作（Ctrl Z）····································· 11

1.3 文件管理······························································· 11

1.3.1 新建文件（Ctrl N）········································· 12

1.3.2 打开文件（Ctrl O）········································· 12

1.3.3 保存文件（Ctrl S）··········································· 13

1.3.4 另存为（Ctrl Shift S）····································· 14

1.3.5 退出（Ctrl Q）················································ 14

第2章 基本二维绘图命令·················································· 16

2.1 直线类命令···························································· 16

2.1.1 直线（LINE，L）············································· 16

2.1.2 操作实例——粗糙度符号···································· 17

2.1.3 构造线（XLINE，XL）······································ 17

2.2 圆类图形命令························································ 18

2.2.1 圆（CIRCLE，C）············································ 19

2.2.2 操作实例——哈哈猪·········································· 19

2.2.3 圆弧（ARC，A）············································· 21

2.2.4 操作实例——电抗器符号···································· 22

2.2.5 圆环（DONUT，DO）······································· 23

2.2.6 椭圆与椭圆弧（ELLIPSE，EL）··························· 24

2.2.7 操作实例——感应式仪表符号······························ 24

2.3 平面图形命令························································ 25

2.3.1 矩形（RECTANG，REC）·································· 26

2.3.2 操作实例——缓吸继电器线圈······························ 26

2.3.3 正多边形（POLYGON，POL）···························· 27

2.3.4 操作实例——八角凳·········································· 27

2.4 点·········································································· 28

2.4.1 绘制点（POINT，PO）······································ 28

2.4.2 等分点（DIVIDE，DIV）··································· 28

2.4.3 测量点（MEASURE，ME）································ 29

2.4.4 操作实例——楼梯············································· 29

2.5 综合实例——汽车简易造型··································· 30

第3章 基本绘图工具························································· 32

3.1 缩放与平移···························································· 32

3.1.1 实时缩放（ZOOM，Z）····································· 32

3.1.2 实时平移（PAN，P）········································ 33

3.2 图层设计······························································· 33

3.2.1 设置图层（LAYER，LA）·································· 33

3.2.2 图层的线型（LINETYPE，LT）··························· 34

3.2.3 颜色的设置（COLOR，COL）····························· 34

3.2.4 操作实例——螺栓············································· 35

3.3 精确定位工具························································ 37

3.3.1 捕捉工具（DSETTINGS，SE）···························· 37

3.3.2 栅格工具（DSETTINGS，SE）···························· 38

3.3.3 正交模式（ORTHO，F8）·································· 39

3.4 对象捕捉工具························································ 39

3.4.1 特殊位置点捕捉（TT）······································ 39

3.4.2 设置对象捕捉（DSETTINGS，SE）······················ 40

3.4.3 操作实例——盘盖············································· 42

3.5 对象约束······························································· 43

3.5.1 建立几何约束··················································· 43

3.5.2 几何约束设置（CONSTRAINTSETTINGS，

CSETTINGS）·················································· 44

3.5.3 操作实例——相切及同心的两圆··························· 45

3.6 对象追踪······························································· 47

3.6.1 设置对象捕捉追踪（DSETTINGS，SE）················ 47

3.6.2 设置极轴追踪（DSETTINGS，SE）······················ 47

3.6.3 操作实例——方头平键······································· 48

3.7 综合实例——泵轴················································· 52

第4章 二维编辑命令························································· 58

4.1 选择对象······························································· 58

4.2 删除及恢复命令····················································· 60

4.2.1 删除命令（ERASE，E）····································· 61

4.2.2 恢复命令（OOPS，U）······································ 61

4.2.3 清除命令（DEL键）········································· 62

4.3 复制类命令···························································· 62

4.3.1 复制命令（COPY，CO）··································· 62

4.3.2 操作实例——三相变压器符号······························ 63

4.3.3 镜像命令（MIRROR，MI）································ 64

4.3.4 操作实例——整流桥电路···································· 65

4.3.5 偏移命令（OFFSET，O）··································· 66

4.3.6 操作实例——液晶显示器···································· 67

4.3.7 阵列命令（ARRAY，AR）································· 70

4.3.8 操作实例——轴承端盖······································· 71

4.4 改变位置类命令····················································· 72

4.4.1 移动命令（MOVE，M）···································· 72

4.4.2 旋转命令（ROTATE，RO）································ 73

4.4.3 操作实例——曲柄············································· 74

4.4.4 缩放命令（SCALE，SC）··································· 75

4.4.5 操作实例——花盘············································· 76

4.5 改变几何特性类命令·············································· 77

4.5.1 分解命令（EXPLODE，X）································ 77

4.5.2 合并命令（JOIN，J）········································ 78

4.5.3 修剪命令（TRIM，TR）····································· 78

4.5.4 操作实例——绞套············································· 79

4.5.5 圆角命令（FILLET，F）···································· 80

4.5.6 操作实例——挂轮架·········································· 80

4.5.7 倒角命令（CHAMFER，CHA）··························· 87

4.5.8 操作实例——洗菜盆·········································· 87

4.5.9 延伸命令（EXTEND，EX）································ 89

4.5.10 操作实例——沙发··········································· 90

4.5.11 拉伸命令（STRETCH，S）······························· 91

4.5.12 实例——门把手·············································· 92

4.5.13 拉长命令（LENGTHEN，LEN）························· 95

4.5.14 操作实例——挂钟··········································· 96

4.5.15 打断命令（BREAK，BR）································ 96

4.5.16 操作实例——删除中心线·································· 97

4.5.17 打断于点······················································· 97

4.6 综合实例——螺母················································· 98

第5章 高级二维绘图命令················································ 106

5.1 多线···································································· 106

5.1.1 绘制多线（MLINE，ML）································ 106

5.1.2 定义多线样式················································· 107

5.1.3 编辑多线······················································· 107

5.1.4 操作实例——墙体··········································· 108

5.2 多段线································································· 111

5.2.1 绘制多段线（PLINE，PL）······························· 112

5.2.2 编辑多段线（PEDIT，PE）······························· 112

5.2.3 操作实例——交通标志····································· 112

5.3 样条曲线······························································ 116

5.3.1 绘制样条曲线（SPLINE，SPL）························· 116

5.3.2 编辑样条曲线（SPLINEDIT，SPE）···················· 116

5.3.3 操作实例——灯具··········································· 117

5.4 面域····································································· 119

5.4.1 创建面域（REGION，REG）····························· 119

5.4.2 面域的布尔运算（UNION，UNI）······················ 120

5.4.3 操作实例——法兰盘········································ 120

5.5 对象特性修改命令··············································· 123

5.5.1 钳夹功能······················································· 123

5.5.2 特性选项板（Ctrl 1）······································ 124

5.5.3 特性匹配（MATCHPROP，MA）······················· 124

5.5.4 操作实例——三环旗········································ 125

5.6 图案填充····························································· 130

5.6.1 图案填充的操作（HATCH，H）························· 130

5.6.2 编辑填充图案（HATCHEDIT，HE）··················· 131

5.7 综合实例——旋钮··············································· 132

第6章 文本与表格··························································· 140

6.1 文字样式（STYLE，ST）···································· 140

6.2 文本标注····························································· 141

6.2.1 单行文本标注（TEXT）···································· 142

6.2.2 多行文本标注（MTEXT，T）···························· 144

6.3 文本编辑（DDEDIT，ED）································· 146

6.4 表格···································································· 146

6.4.1 表格样式（TABLESTYLE，TS）························ 146

6.4.2 表格绘制（TABLE，TB）································· 148

6.4.3 表格编辑（TABLEDIT）··································· 149

6.4.4 操作实例——公园设计植物明细表······················ 149

6.5 综合实例——A3样板图······································· 152

第7章 尺寸标注······························································ 160

7.1 标注样式（DIMSTYLE，D）······························· 160

7.2 标注尺寸····························································· 165

7.2.1 标注尺寸快捷命令··········································· 166

7.2.2 操作实例——标注挂轮架·································· 166

7.3 引线标注····························································· 170

7.3.1 引线标注方式（LEADER，LEAD）···················· 170

7.3.2 快速引线标注（QLEADER，LE）······················· 171

7.3.3 多重引线······················································· 172

7.3.4 操作实例——标注泵轴尺寸······························· 173

7.4 形位公差（TOLERANCE，TOL）························ 179

7.5 综合实例——标注阀盖········································ 179

第8章 快捷绘图工具······················································· 186

8.1 对象查询····························································· 186

8.1.1 查询距离（DIST，DI）···································· 187

8.1.2 查询列表（LIST，LI）····································· 187

8.2 图块操作····························································· 188

8.2.1 定义图块（BLOCK，B）·································· 188

8.2.2 写块（WBLOCK，W）···································· 189

8.2.3 图块的插入（INSERT，I）································ 190

8.2.4 操作实例——标注阀盖粗糙度···························· 191

8.2.5 动态块（BEDIT，BE）····································· 194

8.2.6 操作实例——利用动态块功能标注阀盖粗糙度······· 196

8.3 图块的属性·························································· 197

8.3.1 定义图块属性（ATTDEF，ATT）······················· 198

8.3.2 修改属性的定义（DDEDIT）····························· 198

8.3.3 图块属性编辑（ATTEDIT，ATE）······················ 199

8.3.4 操作实例——利用属性功能标注阀盖粗糙度·········· 201

8.4 设计中心····························································· 202

8.4.1 启动设计中心（ADCENTER，ADC）·················· 202

8.4.2 插入图块······················································· 203

8.4.3 图形复制······················································· 204

8.5 工具选项板·························································· 204

8.5.1 打开工具选项板（TOOLPALETTES，TP）··········· 204

8.5.2 新建工具选项板·············································· 205

8.5.3 向工具选项板添加内容····································· 206

8.6 综合实例——电路图绘制····································· 207

第9章 三维图形绘制······················································· 212

9.1 三维坐标系统······················································ 212

9.1.1 坐标系设置（UC）·········································· 212

9.1.2 创建坐标系 (UCS)········································· 214

9.1.3 动态坐标系···················································· 216

9.2 三维观察····························································· 217

9.2.1 动态观察（3DORBIT）··································· 217

9.2.2 视图控制器（NAVVCUBE）···························· 220

9.3 显示形式····························································· 220

9.3.1 消隐（HIDE，HI）·········································· 221

9.3.2 视觉样式（VSCURRENT）······························ 221

9.3.3 视觉样式管理器（VISUALSTYLES）················ 223

9.4 绘制三维网格······················································ 224

9.4.1 基本三维网格················································· 224

9.4.2 直纹网格（RULESURF）·································· 225

9.4.3 平移网格（TABSURF）···································· 226

9.4.4 边界网格（EDGESURF）································· 227

9.4.5 旋转网格（REVSURF，REV）·························· 228

9.4.6 操作实例——足球门········································ 229

9.5 创建基本三维实体··············································· 233

9.5.1 创建长方体（BOX）········································ 233

9.5.2 圆柱体（CYLINDER，CYL）···························· 235

9.5.3 操作实例——弯管接头····································· 236

9.6 特征操作····························································· 238

9.6.1 拉伸（EXTRUD，EXT）·································· 238

9.6.2 操作实例——旋塞体········································ 239

9.6.3 旋转(REVOLVE，REV)···································· 242

9.6.4 操作实例——内六角圆柱头螺钉························· 243

9.6.5 扫掠(SWEEP)················································ 247

9.6.6 操作实例——锁·············································· 249

9.6.7 放样(LOFT)·················································· 253

9.6.8 拖曳（PRESSPUL）········································ 256

9.7 综合演练——轴承座············································ 257

第10章 三维图形编辑····················································· 260

10.1 渲染实体···························································· 260

10.1.1 贴图（MATERIALMAP）······························ 260

10.1.2 材质···························································· 262

10.1.3 渲染···························································· 264

10.2 三维倒角与圆角················································· 265

10.2.1 倒角(CHAMFER，CHA)································ 265

10.2.2 圆角(FILLET,F)·············································· 266

10.2.3 操作实例——手柄·········································· 267

10.3 三维编辑···························································· 270

10.3.1 三维阵列(3DARRAY)···································· 270

10.3.2 操作实例——法兰盘······································· 271

10.3.3 三维镜像（MIRROR3D）································ 274

10.3.4 操作实例——手推车小轮································· 275

10.3.5 对齐对象(ALIGN,AL)···································· 279

10.3.6 三维移动（3DMOVE）································· 280

10.3.7 三维旋转（3DROTATE）······························· 281

10.3.8 操作实例——弯管·········································· 282

10.4 特殊视图···························································· 285

10.4.1 剖切（SLICE，SL）······································· 285

10.4.2 剖切断面（SECTION，SEC）·························· 286

10.4.3 干涉检查(INTERFERE，INF)·························· 287

10.4.4 操作实例——阀芯立体图································· 289

10.5 编辑实体···························································· 291

10.5.1 拉伸面(SOLIDEDIT)····································· 291

10.5.2 移动面(SOLIDEDIT)····································· 292

10.5.3 偏移面(SOLIDEDIT)····································· 293

10.5.4 抽壳(SOLIDEDIT)········································ 294

10.5.5 操作实例——闪盘·········································· 295

10.6 综合实例——阀盖·············································· 299

第11章 机械设计综合实例··············································· 304

11.1 完整零件图绘制方法·········································· 304

11.1.1 零件图内容··················································· 304

11.1.2 零件图绘制过程············································· 304

11.2 齿轮零件图绘制················································· 305

11.2.1 配置绘图环境················································ 305

11.2.2 绘制齿轮······················································ 305

11.2.3 标注齿轮······················································ 308

11.2.4 填写标题栏与技术要求···································· 313

11.3 装配图内容························································ 314

11.4 齿轮泵装配图绘制·············································· 314

11.4.1 绘制轴总成··················································· 314

11.4.2 齿轮泵总成设计············································· 317

11.4.3 标注齿轮泵总成············································· 319

11.4.4 填写标题栏及技术要求···································· 321

第12章 建筑设计综合实例·············································· 322

12.1 关于建筑设计····················································· 322

12.2 某宿舍楼平面图绘制·········································· 323

12.2.1 实例简介······················································ 323

12.2.2 底层平面图··················································· 324

12.2.3 标准层平面图················································ 334

12.3 某宿舍楼立面图绘制·········································· 340

12.3.1 前期工作······················································ 340

12.3.2 底层立面绘制················································ 341

12.3.3 标准层立面绘制············································· 343

12.3.4 配景、文字及尺寸标注···································· 347

12.4 某宿舍楼剖面图绘制·········································· 347

12.4.1 前期工作······················································ 348

12.4.2 底层剖面绘制················································ 349

12.4.3 标准层立面绘制············································ 352

12.4.4 顶层剖面绘制················································ 354

12.4.5 文字及尺寸标注············································· 355

12.5 某宿舍楼卫生间大样图······································· 355

第13章 电气设计综合实例·············································· 357

13.1 电气工程图概述················································· 357

13.2 铣床电气设计····················································· 358

13.2.1 设置绘图环境················································ 360

13.2.2 主回路设计··················································· 360

13.2.3 控制回路设计················································ 362

13.2.4 照明指示回路设计·········································· 363

13.2.5 工作台进给控制回路设计································· 364

13.2.6 添加文字说明················································ 364

13.2.7 电路原理说明················································ 365

13.3 绘制停电来电自动告知线路图···························· 366

13.3.1 设置绘图环境················································ 367

13.3.2 绘制线路结构图············································· 367

13.3.3 绘制各图形符号············································· 368

13.3.4 将图形符号插入结构图···································· 378

13.3.5 添加注释文字················································ 3782100433B