1　Early concrete history 001

1.1　Galilee 004

1.2　Mesopotamia and China 007

1.3　Lepenski Vir 015

1.4　South/middle - America 017

1.5　Egypt 018

1.6　Roman concrete 025

1.7　Norway’s first concrete—The Farris dam 050

2　Portland concrete history 057

2.1　Pre-Portland 057

2.2　Portland cement 062

2.3　After Hennebique 075

2.4　Norwegian concrete 113

3　Structures 130

3.1　Historic structures 130

3.1.1　NORWAY 130

3.1.2　England 144

3.1.3　USA 154

3.1.4　The Nordic countries 167

3.1.5　Other countries 172

3.2　Design 186

3.2.1　Frank Lloyd Wright (1869–1959) 187

3.2.2　Pier Luigi Nervi (21 June 1891–09 January 1979) 193

3.2.3　Le Corbusier (1887–1965) 197

3.2.4　Kenzo Tange (04 September 1913–22 March 2005) 199

3.2.5　Some Norwegian designers 201

3.2.6　Others 207

4　The many aspects of the concrete industry 210

4.1　Concrete boats and ships 214

4.2　Ready mixed concrete 232

4.3　Precast concrete 236

4.4　Lightweight concrete 250

4.5　Admixtures 255

4.6　Silica fume 262

4.7　The technology spreaders 272

5　The cement industry (in the Nordic countries) 288

5.1　General 288

5.1.1　Norway 288

5.1.2　Denmark 290

5.1.3　Sweden 290

5.1.4　Finland 293

5.1.5　Cooperation among European cement producers 294

5.2　The Norwegian cement plants 295

5.2.1　Slemmestad 295

5.2.2　Ce-No 297

5.2.3　Dalen 298

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5.3　The cement museum at Slemmestad 305

6　History of Cement and Concrete in China 308

6.1　Pre-Portland Cement Period 309

6.1.1　Natural earth materials 309

6.1.2　Artificial binders 312

6.2　Portland Cement Period 318

6.2.1　Phase of Importing Cement Technology and Equipment 318

6.2.2　Phase of China Self-Made Cement Technology

and Equipment 323

6.2.3　Cement and Concrete as Construction Materials 325

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References 350

Names 368

The years 379