ABLE OF CONTENTS
UNIT ONE PERSPECTIVE ON PACKAGING
Lesson 1 A History of Packaging
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Primitive Packaging
From Rome to the Renaissance
The Industrial Revolution
The Evolution of New Packaging Roles
Packaging in the Late 20th Century
Modern Packaging
Waste Management and Environmental Issues
The Modern Packaging Industry
Lesson 2 Packaging Functions
Introduction
The Contain Function
The Protect/Preserve Function
Food Preservation
The Transport Function
The Inform/Sell Function
UNIT TWO PACKAGING MATERIALS AND CONTAINERS
Lesson 3 Paper and Paperboard
Introduction
Representative Papermaking Machines
Machine Direction and Cross Direction
Surface or Dry-End, Treatments and Coatings
Paper Characterization
Paper Types
Paperboard Grades
Paperboard Cartons
Lesson 4 Corrugated Fiberboard Boxes
Historical Perspective
Corrugated Board
Properties and Tests
Corrugated Boxes
Carrier Rules
Stacking and Compression
Lesson 5 Metal Containers
Background
Common Metal Container Shapes
Three-Piece Steel Cans
Two-Piece Cans
Impact Extrusion
Aerosols
Lesson 6 Glass Containers
Glass Types and General Properties
Bottle Manufacture
Bottle Design Features
Lesson 7 Plastics in Packaging
Introduction to Plastics
Extrusion
Injection Molding
Extrusion Blow Molding
Injection Blow Molding
Thermoforming
Other Forming Methods
Recognizing Molding Methods
Lesson 8 Flexible Packaging Laminates
Laminates
Aluminum Foil
Vacuum Metallizing
Other Inorganic Coating
Laminate Structural and Physical Properties
Flexible Bags, Pouches and Sachets
Sealability
Barrier Properties
Laminating Processes
Specifying Laminates
Examples of Laminates
UNIT THREE PACKAGE PRINTING AND DECORATING
Lesson 9 Color
Introduction
Color Perception
Color Terminology
Viewing Color
Lesson 10 Graphic Design in Packaging
Introduction
Demographics and Psychographics
The Retail Environment
Fundamental Messages
Equity and Brand Names
Graphic Design Basics
Typography
Lesson 11 Package Printing
Introduction
Printing Methods
Relief Printing
Lithography
Gravure Printing
Comparing Flexography, Lithography and Gravure
Other Package Decoration Techniques
Printing Inks
UNIT FOUR PACKAGING DYNAMICS AND DISTRIBUTION PACKAGING
Lesson 12 Shock, Vibration and Compression
Shock
Quantifying Shock Fragility
Cushioning Against Shock
Vibration
Compression
Estimating Required Compression Strength
Lesson 13 Mechanical Shock Theory
Introduction
The Free Falling Package
Mechanical Shock Theory
Shock Duration
Shock Amplification and the Critical Element
Lesson 14 Test Method for Product Fragility
Shock: Damage Boundary
Vibration: Resonance Search & Dwell
Lesson 15 Seven Steps for Cushioned Package Development
Introduction
Step 1 Determine Product Fragility
Step 2 Determine Conditions
Step 3 Calculate Cushion Requirements
Step 4 Recognizing Design Constraints
Step 5 Design Prototypes and Test
Step 6 Consider Vibration Effects
Step 7 Monitor Performance If it works, question it
Lesson 16 Distribution Packaging
Short History of Distribution Packaging in the USA
Functions and Goals of Distribution Packaging
The Cost of Packaging
The Package Design Process
Taking a Total System Approach to Package Design
The 10-Step Process of Distribution Packaging Design
A Final Check
Package Design Project Checklist
The Warehouse
Unit Loads
Lesson 17 Computer Aided Packaging System
Introduction to TOPS Pro
Using TOPS Pro
UNIT FIVE PACKAGING MACHINERY
Lesson 18 General Overview
Automated Production
The New Production Line
Speed
Straight-Line and Rotary Systems
Changeovers
Machine Controls
Developing Custom Machinery
Upgrading Existing Equipment
Lesson 19 The Packaging Line
The Packaging Line
Line Organization
Packaging Materials
Machine Capabilities
Line Balancing
Material and Container Characteristics
Personnel
Lesson 20 Filling Systems
Introduction
Liquid Filling
Dry Product Filling 2100433B
